Vida de carlos marighella biography
Carlos Marighella
Brazilian politician, writer, and guerrilla fighter
"Marighella" redirects here.
For the film, see Marighella (film).
Carlos Marighella | |
|---|---|
| In office 5 February &#;– 10 January [a] | |
| Constituency | Bahia |
| Born | ()5 December Salvador, Bahia, Brazil |
| Died | 4 November () (aged&#;57) São Paulo, Brazil |
| Manner&#;of&#;death | Assassination |
| Resting place | Cemitério Público da Quinta dos Lázaros, Salvador, Bahia |
| Political party | PCB (–) |
| Spouse | Clara Charf &#; (m.&#;)&#; |
| Domestic partner(s) | Elza Sento Sé Zilda Xavier Pereira |
| Children | Carlos Augusto |
| Parents |
|
| Occupation | Politician, guerrilla fighter, poetist, professor |
| Organization | ALN (–) |
Carlos Marighella (Brazilian&#;Portuguese:&#;[ˈkaʁluz&#;ˌmaɾiˈɡɛlɐ]; 5 December &#; 4 November ) was a Brazilian politician, writer, and Marxist–Leninist militant.[1][2] Critical of nonviolent resistance to the Brazilian military dictatorship, he founded the Ação Libertadora Nacional, a Marxist–Leninist urban guerrilla group, which was responsible for a series of bank robberies and high-profile kidnappings.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] He was killed by police in in an ambush.
Marighella's most famous contribution to revolutionary literature was the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla.[11][12]
Biography
Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Italian immigrant Augusto Marighella and Afro-Brazilian Maria Rita do Nascimento.
His father was a blue-collar worker originally from Emilia, while his mother was a descendant of enslaved Africans, brought from the Sudan (Hausa blacks).[13] He spent his young life at a house in Rua do Desterro, at the Baixa do Sapateiro neighbourhood, where he would graduate from primary and secondary education. In , he left the Polytechnic School of Bahia, where he was pursuing a degree in civil engineering, in order to become an active member of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB).
He then moved to Rio de Janeiro to work in the restructuring of PCB.
Son of an Italian Roman Catholic father and a mother of African Muslim background, Carlos was raised in a Catholic household, eventually becoming atheist in his early 20s.
Arrests
Marighella was first arrested in , after he wrote an offensive poem about the administration of Bahia intervener Juracy Magalhães.
On 1 May , during the Getúlio Vargas time in presidency, he was once again arrested for subversion. He was arrested again by the political police led by Filinto Müller. He remained in jail for a year. He was released by "macedada" (the measure which freed political prisoners without pressing charges against them). After his release, he once again entered clandestinity, along with all members of PCB.
He was recaptured in He was not released until , when an amnesty during the democratization process of the country benefited all political prisoners.
The following year, Marighella was elected constituent federal deputy by the Bahian branch of PCB, but he lost his office in under the new proscription of the party. Back in clandestinity, he occupied several offices in the leadership of the party.
Invited by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Marighella visited China between and in order to learn more about the Chinese Communist Revolution.
Vida de carlos marighella biography In , he left the Polytechnic School of Bahia, where he was pursuing a degree in civil engineering , in order to become an active member of the Brazilian Communist Party PCB. Retrieved 19 February Editora Bertrand Brasil S. SpringIn May , after the military coup, he was shot and arrested by agents of the Department of Political and Social Order (Departamento de Ordem Política e Social - DOPS), the political police, at a movie theater in Rio. He was released in the following year by a court order.
Writing
In , he wrote The Brazilian Crisis, opting for the armed struggle against the military dictatorship.
Later that year, he renounced his office in the national leadership of PCB.
In August , he participated at the 1st Conference of Latin American Solidarity in Havana, contradicting what party had determined. In Havana, he wrote Some Questions About the Guerrillas in Brazil, dedicated to the memory of Che Guevara and made public by Jornal do Brasil on 5 September That same year he was expelled from PCB, and founded the Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN) in February
Ação Libertadora Nacional
The Department of Political and Social Order (DOPS) attributed the assassination of Charles Rodney Chandler to Marighella and nine others according to the Folha da Tarde&#;&#;[pt] at the time.[14]
kidnapping of the United States Ambassador
Main article: kidnapping of the United States Ambassador to Brazil
In September , ALN members kidnapped the U.S.
ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick in a coordinated move with the Revolutionary Movement 8th October (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro – MR-8). The group was responsible for several executions as well.[15]
Assassination
After a series of successful robberies and kidnappings, the police force was determined to eliminate him.[16] He was shot by police at an ambush at pm on 4 November at Alameda Casa Branca, São Paulo.
This ambush was organized by police deputy Sérgio Paranhos Fleury, known for his work inside DOPS.
Marighella was buried at Cemitério Público da Quinta dos Lázaros, a cemetery in Salvador, Bahia. His tombstone was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, and is the only grave monument designed by the architect. It bears a quote from Marighella: "I didn't have time to be afraid" (Não tive tempo para ter medo).[17]
Legacy
Marighella's most famous contribution to revolutionary struggle literature[11] was the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla,[12] consisting of advice on how to disrupt and overthrow a military regime as part of a Marxist revolution.
Written shortly before his death in late in São Paulo, Minimanual was first published in North America by the Berkeley Tribe in Berkeley, California in July in an English edition.[18][19]
In popular culture
In the biographical drama film Baptism of Blood, Marighella was portrayed by Brazilian actor and musician Marku Ribas.[20]
In the drama Marighella, Marighella was portrayed by Seu Jorge; the film was accomplished actor Wagner Moura's directorial debut.
The movie was exhibited at international film festivals, but Brazil's Agência Nacional do Cinema (National Agency of Cinema), during Bolsonaro's government, barred it from distribution in Brazil,[21] citing "subversive elements"; it finally appeared on Brazilian screens in November, [22]
Notes
- ^Term extinct of the 38th Legislature on 10 January due to Law no.
of 7 January , Article 2 and in the terms of the Director's Board Act of the Chamber of Deputies of 10 January
References
- ^Marighella, Carlos (1 December ). "Carta à Comissão Executiva do Partido Comunista Brasileiro".Vida de carlos marighella biography wikipedia I have been robbed it looked like they Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Marin Mersenne. Marighella's most famous contribution to revolutionary struggle literature was the Mini manual of the Urban Guerrilla.
. Retrieved 18 February
- ^Magalhães, Mário (). Marighella (in Portuguese). Companhia das Letras. ISBN&#;.
- ^Sulzberger, C. L. (22 October ).
Vida de carlos marighella biography pdf: Base de dados no Wikidata. He was released in the following year by a court order. Marie-Olympe de Gouges. Marien, Mary Warner.
"Terror Without A Philosophy". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved 18 February
- ^"The Terrorist Classic: Manual of the Urban Guerrilla". Foreign Affairs: America and the World. No.&#;Spring 28 January ISSN&#; Retrieved 18 February
- ^Williams, John W.
().
- Vida de carlos marighella biography pdf
- Vida de carlos marighella biography death
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"Carlos Marighella: The father of urban guerrilla warfare". Terrorism. 12 (1): 1– doi/ ISSN&#;
- ^"Marighella, Carlos (–)", The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, SAGE Publications, Inc., , doi/n, ISBN&#;, retrieved 18 February
- ^Müller, Kai (15 February ). "Carlos Marighella - der gute Terrorist".
Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). Retrieved 18 February
- ^Schaefer, Annette (1 December ). "Inside the Terrorist Mind". Scientific American. Retrieved 18 February
- ^Ekaterina, Stepanova (). Terrorism in asymmetrical conflict: ideological and structural aspects.Vida de carlos marighella biography images Seu pai fomentava a leitura de Carlos com livros nacionais e importados, sobretudo autores franceses. Mason, Ohio, Cengage Learning, Terrorism in asymmetrical conflict: ideological and structural aspects. Back in clandestinity, he occupied several offices in the leadership of the party.
Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
- ^"Marighella: who is the terrorist brought by Wagner Moura to the movies?". Gazeta do Povo. 18 February Archived from the original on 24 May Retrieved 19 February
- ^ abWhite, Jonathan. "Ideological Terrorism." Chapter 12 in Terrorism and Homeland Security, 5thEdition.
Mason, Ohio, Cengage Learning, Page
- ^ abWilliams, John W. (January ). "Carlos Marighella: The father of urban guerrilla warfare". Terrorism.Carlos marighella It advised disrupting and overthrowing a military regime as part of a Marxist revolution. Mariel town, Cuba. In May , after the military coup, he was shot and arrested by agents of the Department of Social and Political Order, the political police, at a movie theater in Rio. The theories laid out in both books have greatly influenced contemporary ideological activism.
12 (1): 1– doi/ ISSN&#;
- ^""Não tive tempo para ter medo": 50 anos após Marighella, militante ainda inspira gerações". (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 September
- ^"Quem foi Charles Rodney Chandler, militar americano morto pela luta armada citado por Bolsonaro nos EUA". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese).
Retrieved 2 March
- ^"Marighella: who is the terrorist brought by Wagner Moura to the movies? | Texto em inglês com áudio". Wise Up News: textos em inglês com áudio da Gazeta do Povo. 18 February Archived from the original on 24 May Retrieved 28 April
- ^Holmes, Richard; Hugh Biceno; et&#;al.
(). Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^Paulo Bungart Neto (). "Entre a luta armada e a poesia libertária: o engajamento radical de Carlos Marighella". Literatura e Autoritarismo (in Portuguese) (18). doi/X ISSN&#;X. Wikidata&#;Q
- ^library of america/berkeley tribe
- ^University of newspapers/microfilm collection
- ^"Batismo de Sangue at Recanto das Letras".
Recanto das Letras (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 May Retrieved 4 October
- ^Oliveira, Joana (14 September ). "'Marighella', na zona cinzenta entre cortes, problemas na Ancine e censura sob Bolsonaro". El País Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 November
- ^"'Marighella' chega aos cinemas com aura de fenômeno pop".