Rabindranath tagore works, and achievements

Rabindra Sangeet

Songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindra Sangeet (Bengali: রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত; pronounced[robindɾoʃoŋɡit]), also known as Tagore Songs, are songs from the Indian subcontinent written and composed by the BengalipolymathRabindranath Tagore, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature,^[1] the first Indian^[2] and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.^[3] Tagore was a prolific composer with approximately 2, songs to his credit.^[4] The songs have distinctive characteristics in the music of Bengal, popular in India and Bangladesh.^[5]^[6]

It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which, includes a significant amount of ornamentation like meend, murki, etc.

and is filled with expressions of romanticism. The music is mostly based on Hindustani classical music, Carnatic music, Western tunes and the traditional folk music of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality.^{[peacock&#;prose]} Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet.^{[citation needed]} Tagore created some six new taals, inspired by Carnatic talas, because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.^{[citation needed]}

History

The name Rabindra Sangeet was first introduced by the noted Indian author, economist and sociologist Dhurjati Prasad Mukherjee in the anthology Jayanti Utsarga, published on December 27, to commemorate Tagore's 70th birthday.^[7]

Rabindra Sangeet merges fluidly into Tagore's literature, most of which—poems or parts of novels, stories, or plays alike—were lyricised.

Influenced by the thumri style of Hindustani music,^{[citation needed]} they ran the entire gamut of human emotion, ranging from his early dirge-like Brahmo devotional hymns to quasi-erotic compositions. They emulated the tonal color of classical ragas to varying extents.

Some songs mimicked a given raga's melody and rhythm faithfully; others newly blended elements of different ragas.^[9] Yet about nine-tenths of his work was not bhanga gaan, the body of tunes revamped with "fresh value" from select Western, Hindustani, Bengali folk and other regional flavours "external" to Tagore's own ancestral culture.

In fact, Tagore drew influence from sources as diverse as traditional Hindusthani Thumri ("O Miya Bejanewale") to Scottish ballads ("Purano Shei Diner Kotha" from "Auld Lang Syne").

Scholars have attempted to gauge the emotive force and range of Hindustani ragas:

the pathos of the purabi raga reminded Tagore of the evening tears of a lonely widow, while kanara was the confused realization of a nocturnal wanderer who had lost his way.

In bhupali he seemed to hear a voice in the wind saying 'stop and come hither'.Paraj conveyed to him the deep slumber that overtook one at night's end.
—&#;Reba Som, Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song."

Tagore influenced sitar maestro Vilayat Khan and sarodiyas Buddhadev Dasgupta and Amjad Ali Khan.^[9] His songs are widely popular and undergird the Bengali ethos to an extent perhaps rivalling Shakespeare's impact on the English-speaking world.^{[citation needed]}^[who?] It is said that his songs are the outcome of five centuries of Bengali literary churning and communal yearning.^{[citation needed]}Dhan Gopal Mukerji has said that these songs transcend the mundane to the aesthetic and express all ranges and categories of human emotion.

The poet gave voice to all—big or small, rich or poor. The poor Ganges boatman and the rich landlord air their emotions in them. They birthed a distinctive school of music whose practitioners can be fiercely traditional: novel interpretations have drawn severe censure in both West Bengal and Bangladesh.^{[citation needed]}

For Bengalis, the songs' appeal, stemming from the combination of emotive strength and beauty described as surpassing even Tagore's poetry, was such that the Modern Review observed that "[t]here is in Bengal no cultured home where Rabindranath's songs are not sung or at least attempted to be sung Even illiterate villagers sing his songs".

A. H. Fox Strangways of The Observer introduced non-Bengalis to rabindrasangit in The Music of Hindostan, calling it a "vehicle of a personality [that] go behind this or that system of music to that beauty of sound which all systems put out their hands to seize."

In , Amar Shonar Bangla became the national anthem of Bangladesh.

It was written—ironically—to protest the Partition of Bengal along communal lines: lopping Muslim-majority East Bengal from Hindu-dominated West Bengal was to avert a regional bloodbath. Tagore saw the partition as a ploy to upend the independence movement, and he aimed to rekindle Bengali unity and tar communalism.

Jana Gana Mana was written in shadhu-bhasha, a Sanskritised register of Bengali, and is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn that Tagore composed.

All hindi song.com: A story with borderless appeal—gleaning rave reviews in Europe— Dak Ghar dealt with death as, in Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" from "the world of hoarded wealth and certified creeds". The last two days a storm has been raging, similar to the description in my song— Jhauro jhauro borishe baridhara [ Tagore was likely red-green colour blind as he suffered a partial colour vision deficiency. The line between the two is blurred, by certain creations of Tagore himself, e.

It was first sung in at a Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress and was adopted in by the Constituent Assembly of the Republic of India as its national anthem.

Songs

It is believed on 27 December , Dhurjatiprasad Mukhopadhyay wrote an essay titled “রবীন্দ্রনাথের সংগীত” (Rabindranath’s Music) for Tagore’s 70th birth anniversary, in which the term “Rabindrasangeet” was used for the first time.

In January , Kanak Das’s recording P, featuring “মনে রবে কিনা রবে আমারে” (“Whether or not I remain in your recollection”) and “কাছে যবে ছিল পাশে হল না যাওয়া” (“When you were near, I couldn’t reach you”) first used “Rabindrasangeet” on the label.^[14] Tagore's compositions cover topics including humanism, structuralism, introspection, psychology, romance, yearning, nostalgia, reflection, and modernism, offering melody for every season and every aspect of Bengali life.

Tagore primarily worked with two subjects – first, the human being, the being and the becoming of that human being, and second, Nature, in all her myriad forms and colours, and of the relationship between the human being and Nature and how Nature affects the behavior and the expressions of human beings. Bhanusimha Thakurer Padavali (or Bhanusingher Podaboli), one of Tagore's earliest works in music, was primarily in a language that is similar and yet different from Bengali – this language, Brajabuli, was derived from the language of the Vaishnav hymns, and of texts like Jayadeva's Gita Govinda, some influences from Sanskrit can be found, courtesy Tagore's extensive homeschooling in the Puranas, the Upanishads, as well as in poetic texts like Kalidasa's Meghadūta and Abhigyanam Shakuntalam.

Tagore was one of the greatest narrators of all time, and throughout his life, we find a current of narration through all his works that surges with upheavals in the psyche of the people around him, as well as with the changes of seasons. A master of metaphor, it is often difficult to identify the true meaning that underlies his texts, but what is truly great about Tagore, is that his songs are identifiable with any and every possible mood, with every possible situation that is encountered by a person in the course of life.

This truly reinforces the notion that Rabindrasangeet has at its heart some unbelievably powerful poetry. The Upanishads influenced his writing throughout his life, and his devotional music is addressed almost always to an inanimate entity, a personal, a private god, whom modernists call the Other.

Rabindranath Tagore was a curator of melodic and compositional styles.

Rabindranath raja hindustani During this period, he heavily experimented with various teaching methods. The Economic Times. The Cycle of Spring [ text 4 ]. Songs of Kabir [ text 17 ].

In the course of his travels all over the world, he came into contact with the musical narratives of the West, of the South of India, and these styles are reflected in some of his songs. There are several classifications of his work. The ones that beginners most often use is that based on genre – devotional (Puja Porjaay), romantic (Prem Porjaay) [Note: It often becomes difficult, if not impossible, on hearing a song, to determine if it falls in the devotional genre or the romantic.

The line between the two is blurred, by certain creations of Tagore himself, e.g. Tomarei Koriyachi Jibonero Dhrubotara. Also, Tagore never made these divisions. Only after his death was the need felt to categorize, compile and thus preserve his work, and the genre-classification system was born out of this need.] seasonal (Prokriti Porjaay) – summer (Grishho), monsoon (Borsha), autumn (Shorot), early winter (Hemonto), winter (Sheet), Spring (Boshonto); diverse (Bichitro), patriotic (Deshatmobodhok).

Rabindranath raja hindustani full Some songs mimicked a given raga's melody and rhythm faithfully; others newly blended elements of different ragas. The elements of Indian classical music have been used in an extremely intelligent and effective fashion in Rabindra Sangeet. I want my friends, their touch, with the earth's last love. Armenian College and Philanthropic Academy B.

Although Deshatmobodh and patriotism are completely antipodal concepts, yet the difficulties of translation present themselves, apart from songs specified for certain events or occasions (Aanushtthanik) and the songs he composed for his numerous plays and dance-dramas.

Collections

The book forming a collection of all 2, songs written by Rabindranath is called Gitabitan^[4] ("Garden of songs")^[15] and forms an important part of extant historical materials pertaining to Bengali musical expression.

The six major parts of this book are Puja (worship), Prem (love), Prakriti (seasons), Swadesh (patriotism), Aanushthanik (occasion-specific), Bichitro (miscellaneous) and Nrityonatya (dance dramas and lyrical plays).

The Swarabitan, published in 64 volumes, includes the texts of 1, songs and their musical notation.^[17] The volumes were first published between and ^{[citation needed]}

Earlier collections, all arranged chronologically, include Rabi Chhaya (), Ganer Bahi or Valmiki Pratibha (), Gan (), and Dharmashongit ().

Exponents

Since the establishment of the Sangeet Bhavan of Tagore's own Visva-Bharati University at Shantiniketan, along with its codification of Rabindra Sangeet instruction, multiple generations have created Rabindra Sangeet (its aesthetics and singing style) into a tangible cultural tradition breeding many singers who now specialize in singing Tagore's works.

Some notable early exponents of Rabindra Sangeet who laid down its foundations and continue to inspire generations of singers include: Kanika Banerjee.

All hindi song.com

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Suchitra Mitra, Hemant Kumar, Debabrata Biswas, Sagar Sen, Subinoy Roy, Chinmoy Chattopadhyay and Sumitra Sen.^[19]

Historical influence

Rabindra Sangeet has been an integral part of Bengal culture for over a century.^[6]^[20] Hindu monk and Indian social reformer Swami Vivekananda became an admirer of Rabindra Sangeet in his youth.

He composed music in the Rabindra Sangeet style, for example Gaganer Thale in Raga Jaijaivanti.^[6]

Digitization

As of July , 7, Rabindra Sangeet have been digitized by Saregama and are available online for download.^[21]

Furthermore, popular Rabindrasangeet has been digitized and featured on featured Phalguni Mookhopadhayay’s YouTube channel as part of Brainware University’s initiative.

Launched on May 9, , this project aims to promote Rabindranath Tagore's cultural heritage. The initiative includes selected songs, translated and sung by Mookhopadhayay, which are being gradually released along with detailed anecdotes, appreciations, blogs, critical essays, and research papers, making Tagore’s works accessible to Bengali and non-Bengali households worldwide.

^[22]

References

^Sigi , p.&#;90
^Rekha Sigi ().
Rabindranath raja hindustani songs Kolkata metropolitan area Neighbourhoods list Streets list. In the joy of your heart may you feel the living joy that sang one spring morning, sending its glad voice across an hundred years. The Fugitive [ text 6 ]. On 21 April , Kadambari died under mysterious circumstances, suspected to be a suicide.
Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography. Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Paul, Samiran Kumar; Prasad, Amar Nath (). Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore (1st&#;ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
^ ^a^bSanjukta Dasgupta; Chinmoy Guha ().

Tagore-At Home in the World. SAGE Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Tagore , p.&#;xii
^ ^a^b^c"Magic of Rabindra Sangeet". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 27 September Retrieved 9 July
^ (in Bengali).

Retrieved 22 January
^ ^a^bDasgupta, A. (), "Rabindra-Sangeet as a Resource for Indian Classical Bandishes", Parabaas, ISSN&#;, retrieved 1 July
^"Tabu mone rekho" (in Bengali). Retrieved 11 May
^"History of Harmony: Unravelling the Roots of Rabindrasangeet".
^"GITABITAN of Rabindranath Tagore – An Encyclopedic Site".

. Retrieved 9 December
^Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi (). Rabindranath Tagore: an interpretation. New Delhi: Viking, Penguin Books India. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^"Legendary Bengali singer Sumitra Sen passes away at 89 after battling severe bronchopneumonia".

Free Press Journal. 3 January Retrieved 3 January
^Dasgupta & Guha , p.&#;
^"Taking Bengali Music Heritage to the Next Generation". The Hans India. 26 May Retrieved 29 June
^"Rabindra Sangeet Collection".

Works cited

Dasgupta, Sanjukta; Guha, Chinmoy ().

Tagore-At Home in the World. SAGE Publications. ISBN&#;.
Furrell, James Wyburd (). The Tagore Family: A Memoir. Kegan Paul, Trench, & Company.
Ghosh, Santidev (). Rabindrasangeet Vichitra – Rabindra Sangeet Miscellany. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN&#;.
Ghosh, B.

(). "Inside the World of Tagore's Music". Parabaas.
Raja hindustani full movie Mainstream Weekly. Greenwood Press. Lei de Registros Publicos Thiago Cristiano. The Gardener [ text 7 ].
Retrieved 17 September
Sigi, Rekha (). Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography. Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. ISBN&#;.
Som, Reba (). Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song. Viking (published 26 May ). ISBN&#;. OL&#;M.
Tagore, Rabindranath (). Boyhood Days. Penguin Books India.

ISBN&#;.
Dutta, K.; Robinson, A. (). Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man. Saint Martin's Press (published December ). ISBN&#;.